What are the Properties (chemical and physical) of Acids and Bases

 

In this article I disused about all properties (chemical and physical) of acids and bases. Before learn this, you would learn that what are acids and bases and its definitions. If you want to learn about indicators then learn here. indicators

Properties of Acids and Bases

Physical properties of Acids

Ø  Mostly the taste of all acids is sour.

Ø H⁺ or Hydrogen ion is given by all acids with water.

Ø All acids turn the color of blue litmus paper into red.

Ø  Acids are conductor of electricity. (because they have H⁺ ion.)

Ø  The acids react with the metals and produce salts and hydrogen gas.

Example: Zinc + hydrogen chloride ^___> Zinc chloride + hydrogen gas

Ø Strong acids are corrosive in nature.

Ø All acids become less acidic on mixing with basic substance.

Physical properties of bases

Ø Mostly the taste of all bases is bitter.

Ø OH^- or hydroxide ion is given by all bases with water.

Ø All bases turn the color of red litmus paper into blue.

Ø Bases are not conductor of electricity. (because they have not H⁺ ion.)

Ø The bases also react with the metals and produce salts and hydrogen gas.

Example: Potassium + sodium chloride ^___> Potassium chloride + hydrogen gas

Ø All bases feel slippery or soap while you tough.

Ø All bases become less basic on mixing with acidic substance.

 4 Chemical properties of Acids

v Reaction of acids with metal: When acids react with metals then acids give hydrogen gas and its respective salt.

Metal +    Acid →   Salt +   Hydrogen gas

Example: When hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc and prepare hydrogen gas and zinc chloride. The equation of chemical reaction is given below:

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂

v Reaction of acids with metal carbonate: When acids react with metal carbonate then it releases carbon dioxide gas, respective salts and water.

Metal carbonate + Acid → Salt +  CO₂ gas +Water or H₂O

Example: When hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate then it releases sodium chloride, carbon dioxide gas and water. The equation of chemical reaction is given below:

2HCl + Na₂CO₃ → NaCl + CO₂ + H₂O

v Reaction of acid with hydrogen carbonates or bicarbonates: When acids react with Metal hydrogen carbonate­ then it gives carbon dioxide gas, respective salts and water.

Acid + Metal hydrocarbonate → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water

Example: When Sulphuric acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate then it gives sodium chloride, Carbon dioxide gas and water. The equation of chemical reaction is given below:

NaHCO₃ +H₂SO₄ → NaCl + CO₂ + H₂O

v Reaction of Acid with Metal Oxides:  Mostly metal oxides are basic in nature. So, when acids react with metal oxides then acids and metal oxides neutralize each other. This reaction is also known as Neutralization reaction. In this type of the reactions respective salts and water are formed.

Acid + Metal Oxide → Salt + Water

Example: Calcium is metal. So, it formed calcium oxide which is basic in nature. After that when it reacts with hydrogen chloride then it releases calcium chloride and water.

The equation of chemical reaction is given below:

2HCl + CaO → CaCl₂ + H₂O

 

3 Chemical properties of Bases

v Reaction of Base with Metals: When alkalis or bases reacts with metals then it gives salts and hydrogen gas.

Alkali + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen

Example: When sodium hydroxide reacts with zinc then it gives hydrogen gas and sodium zincate. The equation of chemical reaction is given below:

NaOH + Zn → Na₂ZnO₂ + H₂

v Reaction of Base with Non-metals oxides: Mostly non metals are acidic in nature. So, when bases react with nonmetals oxides then bases and nonmetals oxides neutralize each other. This reaction is also known as Neutralization reaction.

 Base + Non-metal oxide → Salt + Water

Example: When sodium hydroxide reacts with Carbon dioxide gas then it releases sodium carbonate and water. The equation of chemical reaction is given below:

NaOH + CO₂ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O

v Neutralization reactions: When acids react with bases then acids and bases neutralize each other. This reaction is also known as Neutralization reaction.

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

Example: When hydrogen chloride reacts with sodium hydroxide then it releases sodium chloride and water. The equation of chemical reaction is given below:

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O

 

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